General keyboard shortcuts for XP Proffessional
General keyboard shortcuts
| • | CTRL+C (Copy) |
| • | CTRL+X (Cut) |
| • | CTRL+V (Paste) |
| • | CTRL+Z (Undo) |
| • | DELETE (Delete) |
| • | SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin) |
| • | CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item) |
| • | CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item) |
| • | F2 key (Rename the selected item) |
| • | CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word) |
| • | CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word) |
| • | CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph) |
| • | CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph) |
| • | CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text) |
| • | SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document) |
| • | CTRL+A (Select all) |
| • | F3 key (Search for a file or a folder) |
| • | ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item) |
| • | ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program) |
| • | ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object) |
| • | ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window) |
| • | CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously) |
| • | ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items) |
| • | ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened) |
| • | F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop) |
| • | F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer) |
| • | SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item) |
| • | ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window) |
| • | CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu) |
| • | ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu) |
| • | Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command) |
| • | F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program) |
| • | RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu) |
| • | LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu) |
| • | F5 key (Update the active window) |
| • | BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer) |
| • | ESC (Cancel the current task) |
| • | SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing) |
| • | CTRL+SHIFT+ESC (Open Task Manager) |
Microsoft Management Console (MMC) main window keyboard shortcuts
| • | CTRL+O (Open a saved console) |
| • | CTRL+N (Open a new console) |
| • | CTRL+S (Save the open console) |
| • | CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item) |
| • | CTRL+W (Open a new window) |
| • | F5 key (Update the content of all console windows) |
| • | ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu) |
| • | ALT+F4 (Close the console) |
| • | ALT+A (Display the Action menu) |
| • | ALT+V (Display the View menu) |
| • | ALT+F (Display the File menu) |
| • | ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu) |
MMC console window keyboard shortcuts
| • | CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane) |
| • | ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window) |
| • | SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item) |
| • | F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item) |
| • | F5 key (Update the content of all console windows) |
| • | CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window) |
| • | CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window) |
| • | ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item) |
| • | F2 key (Rename the selected item) |
| • | CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console) |
Microsoft Internet Explorer navigation
| • | CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box) |
| • | CTRL+E (Open the Search bar) |
| • | CTRL+F (Start the Find utility) |
| • | CTRL+H (Open the History bar) |
| • | CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar) |
| • | CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box) |
| • | CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address) |
| • | CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L) |
| • | CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box) |
| • | CTRL+R (Update the current Web page) |
| • | CTRL+W (Close the current window) |
This section devoted to oscillators is one of the most interesting for newcomers. You need a thorough grasp of oscillators to fully understand the later and much more complicated electronics tutorials on radio receivers and transmitters.
OSCILLATOR BASICS
Here we explain a lot of the basics involved. We discuss the principles of oscillator operation, briefly look at two popular types, Hartley Oscillators and Colpitts Oscillators as well as Frequency or Phase Stability of an oscillator. Then we go on and consider reducing Phase Noise in oscillators, discuss the effects of ambient changes on stability in oscillators and finally minimizing frequency drift in oscillators.
CLAPP OSCILLATORS
A clapp oscillator is in effect a series tuned version of the colpitts oscillator. Perhaps the simplest Colpitts oscillator to construct and get running is the "series tuned" version, more often referred to as the "Clapp Oscillator". Because there is no load on the inductor a high "Q" circuit results with a high L/C ratio and of course much less circulating current. This aids drift reduction. Because larger inductances are required, stray inductances do not have as much impact as perhaps in other circuits.
COLPITTS OSCILLATORS
Colpitts oscillators are somewhat similar to the shunt fed Hartley circuit except the Colpitts oscillator, instead of having a tapped inductor, utilises two series capacitors in its LC circuit. With the Colpitts oscillator the connection between these two capacitors is used as the centre tap for the circuit.
CRYSTAL OSCILLATORS AND CRYSTAL GRINDING
Crystal oscillators are oscillators where the primary frequency determining element is a quartz crystal. Because of the inherent characteristics of the quartz crystal the crystal oscillator may be held to extreme accuracy of frequency stability. Temperature compensation may be applied to crystal oscillators to improve thermal stability of the crystal oscillator.
Electronics
AMATEUR RADIO
What electronics tutorials on line help is available to become a licensed Amateur Radio Operator?
This site offers some very useful and particularly comprehensive electronics tutorials to help you on your way toward becoming an amateur radio operator. Please feel free to fully explore our site.
Of course many of these electronics tutorials are applicable to experienced constructors as well as advanced electronics students looking for electronics tutorials.
Many other sites also cater for people seeking to become amateur radio operators and conduct electronics tutorials.
This site offers some very useful and particularly comprehensive electronics tutorials to help you on your way toward becoming an amateur radio operator. Please feel free to fully explore our site.
Of course many of these electronics tutorials are applicable to experienced constructors as well as advanced electronics students looking for electronics tutorials.
Many other sites also cater for people seeking to become amateur radio operators and conduct electronics tutorials.
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